BIO

Dissertation: Quousque motus fluidorum et caeterae quaedam animalium et plantarum functiones consentiunt

Highest degree: med. doctor

Fields of interest:

• chemistry
• physics
• botany
• medicine
• scientific instruments

Biography:
Martinus van Marum was the son of Petrus van Marum and Cornelia van Oudheusden. The van Marum family stemmed from Groningen and belonged to the Reformed church. His father was land surveyor and agricultural specialist. From 1744 to 1764 he owned a delftware factory art Delft where he worked as master potter. Van Marum attended the primary school and Latin school at Delft. After the return of the family to Groningen, in 1664, he matriculated at Groningen university to study philosophy and medicine.
Among his teachers there were Petrus Camper (medicine and botany), Dionysius van de Wijnpersse (physics), Wouter van Doeveren (medicine, chemistry, and mineralogy), and Antonius Brugmans (philosophy, physics, and mathematics). Especially Camper was very influential, his views on botany aroused in van Marum a life-long interest in plants, and friendship with Camper until the latter's death in 1794. Contrary to the then common taxonomical studies, Camper advocated the study of the anatomy and physiology of the plant. In 1773 van Marum obtained the doctor's degree in philosophy on a highly praised thesis about the sap streams in plants. Later that year he graduated in medicine on a thesis in which he compared the physiology of sap streams in plants and animals.
Aspiring to a job as professor in botany van Marum was very disappointed when he was not elected to succeed Camper. He immediately turned his interests to the field of electricity. In 1776 he published a report on the technical improvements he introduced to the electrical machine. In the same year he went to Haarlem where he set up as a general practitioner (until 1780). The city of Haarlem appointed him as municipal lecturer in philosophy and medicine in 1776. Van Marum took this matter seriously: until 1780 he gave 52 public lectures on physical topics. In the context of Teyler's Foundation (see later) he would give another 163 lectures (until 1803). Until 1797 his subjects were mainly of a physico-chemical and technical nature, later he treated geological, mineralogical, and palaeontological issues.
In 1781 van Marum married the extremely wealthy printer's daughter Joanna Bosch (1739-1821), which made his possible for him to devote his life fully to the propagation and popularization of science. Thanks to his continuous and efficient activities, van Marum was able to make Haarlem a very important centre of Dutch science at the end of the eighteenth and the beginning of the nineteenth century. Van Marum used two institutions to reach his goals: the Dutch Society of Sciences (Hollandsche Maatschappij der Wetenschappen, founded in 1752), and Teyler's Foundation (founded in 1778 by the wealthy menist merchant Pieter Teyler van der Hulst).
Van Marum was appointed director of the Cabinet of Curiosities of the Dutch Society in 1777, he became its perpetual secretary in 1794. In 1784 he was appointed director of Teyler's Cabinet of Physical and Natural Curiosities and Library. All these functions he combined until his death. The personal and institutional wealth of both van Marum and the institutions made it him possible to expand the collections and libraries to a scale that made them famous all over Europe. From 1782 to 1802 he made a number of journeys abroad that brought him much fossil material and minerals. His most famous acquisitions were J.J. Scheuchzer's 'homo diluvii testis', actually a fossil salamander, the fossil Mosasaurus camperi, and Beringer's Lügensteine.
Apart from these activities van Marum was involved in scientific research too. His scientific ideas rested on two pillars: physico-theology, and utility. During the first half of his scientific life physico-theological interests prevailed, especially in his chemical research, his later works were mainly motiviated by utilitarian goals. In the Verhandelingen of Teyler's Foundation Van Marum published the results of many electrical and chemical experiments he had carried out with the largest electrical machine of the time. This spectacular machine was installed in 1784 in Teyler's Museum by its maker, the British instrument maker John Cuthbertson. It had two large, round glass plates each 1.65 metres in diameter. With this electrical machine he tried to discover the relationship between electricity and magnetism. Van Marum was a life long supporter of Benjamin Franklin's one fluid theory of electricity. The new Voltaic pile was quickly adopted by Van Marum, who named it after its Italian inventor.
His most important experiments, however, lay in the field of chemistry. In 1785 was the first to recognize a peculiar odour of electricity, which we now call ozone. Together with Adriaan Paets van Troostwijk he did experiments in the winters of 1785-1786 and 1786-1787 which were concentrated on the new combustion theory of the French chemist Antoine Laurent Lavoisier. These convinced him of the correctness of the new chemisty, and he became a staunch advocate of the Frenchman's ideas. In 1787 he published a summary of this oxidation theory, even before Lavoisier did so himself. With his newly developed gazometer he discovered carbon monoxide.
From 1802 onwards Van Marum's attention shifted to botany, concentrating on South African plants. For the prince of Salm-Dyck he compiled a systematic catalogue of his aloe collection, which reflected his renewed interest in plant systematics and taxonomy. However, his interest in the relation between electricity and magnetism caused him to repeat Oersted's famous experiments in 1822.
Van Marum was always interested in the practical and organisational aspects of science. He issued many competitions to write essays on scientific topics and took care of the publication of the prize-winning ones. During the French reign, king Louis Napoleon asked him, among others, to draft a constitution for a new national scientific institution, the Royal Institute of Science, Literature, and Arts (Koninklijk Instituut van Wetenschappen, Letteren en Schoone Kunsten), which was established in 1808. Until 1836 Van Marum was one of the most active members of this scientific institution. In 1814, the new king of the Netherlands, William I, appointed Van Marum to a commission for the restructuring of higher education, and in 1821 to a commission charged with the exploration of the possibilities of active control of the Dutch rivers.
As a physician Van Marum was a typical representative of the 'Aufklärungsarzt' (Enlightenment physician), who strived to make science and medicine subservient to the interests of society at large. In Van Marum's case this attitude was also stimulated by his belief in a practical form of christianity. Examples are his propagation of the use of pure oxygen to revive drowned persons, the use of steam baths for cholera patients, artificial ventilation in houses, factories and aboard ships, and the improvement of the digestor, originally invented by Denis Papin, to provide the poor with nutritive soups.
Van Marum maintained a large network of scientific contacts and correspondents throughout his life. He was a (corresponding) member of no less than 37 scientific societies in Europe and the United States. Van Marum died on 26 December 1837, honoured by Dutch and French societies, and leaving as his heir a natural son born in 1829.

Designed an electrostatic generator, with the help of Gerhard Kuyper from Groningen. Participated in development of the largest electrical machine of his time, designed by John Cuthberson.

Residence

• Haarlem 

Occupation

• Physician 1776 - 1780, Haarlem
• Director Physisch kabinet and library 1784 - Teylers Museum

Education

• Student of Medicine and Philosophy 31-12-1764 - 20-08-1773 - Universiteit Groningen, Groningen

Membership

• Koninklijk Instituut, eerste klasse
  Member 04-05-1808
• Provinciaal Utrechtsch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen
  Ordinary member 5 dec 1776; Corresponding member 25 dec 1776 05-12-1776 - 1837
• Hollandsche Maatschappij der Wetenschappen - Haarlem
  Member, and since 1794 secretary 1776 - 1837
• Bataafsch Genootschap der Proefondervindelijke Wijsbegeerte - Rotterdam
  Member 1784 - 1837
• (Koninklijk) Zeeuwsch Genootschap der Wetenschappen
  Member 27-08-1782 - 26-12-1837
• Royal Society of London
  Member 19-04-1798
• Vergadering van Notabelen voor het departement Zuiderzee
  Member 29-03-1814 - 30-03-1814
• Teylers StichtingHaarlem
  Director 
• Académie des SciencesParis
  Corresponding Member 1783
• Vrijdagsch Gezelschap genaamd ‘Libertate et Concordia’ - Amsterdam
  member 1813~

Provenance

• Marum, M. van, Algemene Vergadering Instituut 1838, p. 11-12 door H.H. Klijn; Verslagen Instituut Klasse I, 1839, p. 5-7 door W.S. Swart.
• “Naamlijst der leden van het Vrijdag’s Gezelschap”, in: Naamlijst der leden van het Vrijdag's Gezelschap, opgerigt te Amsterdam den 17 december van het jaar 1734, onder de zinspreuk: Libertate et Concordia, en eenige gedichten daartoe betrekkelyk (Amsterdam 1812).
• Molhuysen, P.C., en Fr.K.H. Kossmann (redactie), Nieuw Nederlandsch Biografisch Woordenboek. Deel 10. (Leiden 1937) 588.

Publications

N/A

Wiki and VIAF

Wiki Data: Q474022
VIAF: http://viaf.org/viaf/11448843

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BIO

Dissertation: N/A

Highest degree: N/A

Fields of interest:

• ancient literature
• physics
• medicine
• egyptology

Biography:
N/A

Residence

• Edinburgh 1794 - 1795
• Göttingen 1795 - 1797
• Cambridge 1797 - 1799
• London 1792 - 1794
• London 1799 - 1829
• Milverton 1773 - 1792

Occupation

• Professor 1801 - 1803 - Royal Institution of Great Britain, London
• Physician 1811 - St. George's Hospital, London

Education

• Student of Medicine 1792, London
• Student of Medicine and Physics 1795 - 1796 - Universitat Gottingen, Göttingen
• Student 1797 - 1798 - Cambridge University, Cambridge

Membership

• Koninklijk Instituut, eerste klasse
  Correspondent, living abroad 11-10-1827
• Académie des SciencesParis
  Associate Member 1827
• Royal Swedish Academy of SciencesStockholm
  Foreign Member 1828
• Royal Society of London
  Foreign Secretary 1802
• Royal Society of LondonLondon
  Fellow 1794

Provenance

• Young, T., Verslagen Instituut Klasse I, 1829, p. 13-15 door H.C. Boon van der Mesch; Algemene Vergadering Instituut 1830, p. 20 door H.H. Klijn.

Publications

N/A

Wiki and VIAF

Wiki Data: Q25820
VIAF: http://viaf.org/viaf/128851

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BIO

Dissertation: N/A

Highest degree: N/A

Fields of interest:

• scientific instruments
• optics
• natural philosophy
• embryology

Biography:
Optical instrument maker and natural philosopher, who invented the screw-barrel simple microscope in circa 1694. First to observe spermicide through a microscope. Hartsoeker worked most of his life in France. In 1699, when he returned to the Dutch Republic, he was elected member of the Academie Royale des Sciences and in 1704 of the Königlich-Preußische Akademie der Wissenschaften, in both cases as one of the first foreign members. When Czar Peter the Great visited Amsterdam, he was offered the chair of mathematics in St Petersburg. Hartsoeker rejected this offer, but later, in 1704, Hartsoeker accepted the position of "first mathematician and honorary professor of philosophy" at the University of Heidelberg, offered to him by Johann Wilhelm, Elector the Palatine. He returned to the Netherlands around 1720. The last years of his life were spent in Utrecht.

Collections: Museum Boerhaave Leiden, Universiteitsmuseum Utrecht.

Residence

• Paris 1678
• Heidelberg 1704 - 1716
• Paris 1684 - 1698
• Amsterdam 1677 - 1678
• Rotterdam 1698
• Utrecht 1720~ - 1725

Occupation

• Honorary Professsor of Philosophy  - University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg
• physicist, astronomer and instrument maker 1678 - 1725

Education

• student 1675 - 1678 - Universiteit Leiden

Membership

• Académie Royale des Sciences
  Foreign member 1699
• Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften
  Member 

Provenance

• Hartsoeker, N., Essai de Dioptrique (Parijs 1694)
• Hartsoeker, N., Principes de Physique (Parijs 1696)
• Hartsoeker, N., Conjectures Physiques (Amsterdam 1707) + several later additions
• Hartsoeker, N., Recueil de plusieurs pièces de Physique où l'on fait principalement voir l'invalidité du système de Newton (Utrecht 1722)
• Bibliotheca Hartsoekeriana, sive Catalogus librorum quae collegit Nic. Hartsoeker. Librorum auctio publica fiet ad diem 16 Juni 1727 et seqq (1727).
• Rooseboom, M., Bijdrage tot de geschiedenis der instrumentmakerskunst in de noordelijke Nederlanden (Leiden 1950).
• Harting, P., Het mikroskoop : deszelfs gebruik, geschiedenis en tegenwoordige toestand; een handboek voor natuur- en geneeskundigen, vol. III (Utrecht 1850).
• Harting, P., Bijdragen tot de geschiedenis der mikroskopen in ons vaderland (Utrecht 1846).
• Fournier, M., Early microscopes : a descriptive catalogue (Leiden 2003).
• Wielema, M.R. ' Nicolaas Hartsoeker (1656-1725): van mechanisme naar vitalisme', in: Gewina 15 (1992), 234-261.
• Clay, S. and H. Court, The history of the microscope: compiled from original instruments and documents, up to the introduction of the achromatic microscope (London 1932).
• Cittert, P. van, Geschiedenis van de verzameling antieke instrumenten van het Natuurkundig Laboratorium der Rijks Universiteit en van het Natuurkundig Gezelschap (Utrecht 1929).
• Zuidervaart, H.J. ‘The ‘invisible technician’ made visible. Telescope making in the seventeenth and early eighteenth-century Dutch Republic’ in: Alison D. Morrison-Low [et al] (eds.), From Earth-Bound to Satellite. Telescopes, Skills and Networks (Leiden/Boston: Brill 2012), 41-102.

Publications

N/A

Wiki and VIAF

Wiki Data: Q719162
VIAF: http://viaf.org/viaf/71525600

BIO

Dissertation: N/A

Highest degree: N/A

Fields of interest:
N/A

Biography:
Opened a pharmacy at The Hague (1661), practised as a physician at The Hague (1664-1667), then at Amsterdam (1667-death), Praelector of Anatomy for the Surgeons' Guild of Amsterdam (1666-1731), moved to Amsterdam (1667), City Obstetrician of Amsterdam (1672-1712), Doctor to the Court of Justice (1679), in which capacity he gained considerable experience in forensic medicine, Professor of Botany at the Athenaeum Illustre and supervisor of the Botanical Gardens (1685), Pieter Hotton (FRS 1703) was his assistant (1692), lectured on anatomy to foreign visitors, developed a method of preserving corpses which was said to make them look most lifelike, the first adult on whom he tried it was the English Admiral Berkeley (1666), Peter the Great acquired his collection (1713) and King John Sobieski of Poland acquired a later collection which he gave to the University of Wittenberg, fractured his 'collum femoris' and died of a fever

Residence

N/A

Occupation

N/A

Education

N/A

Membership

• Royal Society of London
  Fellow 09-06-1715
• Academiae Caesareae Leopoldina-Carolinae Naturae Curiosorum
  Member 1705
• Académie des Sciences
  Correspondent 1727

Provenance

N/A

Publications

N/A

Wiki and VIAF

Wiki Data: N/A
VIAF: N/A

BIO

Dissertation: N/A

Highest degree: N/A

Fields of interest:

• mathematics
• physics
• chemistry

Biography:
German mathematician, physicist, physician, and philosopher. He is most known for his technical inventions, such as the technique to make hard-paste porcelain, the development of a lens polishing machine, and his large burning mirrors and lenses. Correspondant of Spinoza, Huygens, Leibnitz and Oldenburg.

Residence

• Paris 1675

Occupation

N/A

Education

• Philosophy, mathematics, and medicine 1668 - Universiteit Leiden

Membership

• Académie Royale des Sciences
  Member 1682

Provenance

• Vermij, R., ‘De Nederlandse vriendenkring van E.W. von Tschirnhaus’, Tijdschrift voor de Geschiedenis der Geneeskunde, Natuurwetenschappen, Wiskunde en Techniek 11 (1988), 153–78
• Plassmeyer, P. & S. Siebel, Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus (1651–1708). Experimente mit dem Sonnenfeuer, Dresden, 2001.

Publications

N/A

Wiki and VIAF

Wiki Data: Q77288
VIAF: http://viaf.org/viaf/27173771

BIO

Dissertation: N/A

Highest degree: N/A

Fields of interest:

• history
• linguistics

Biography:
N/A

Residence

• Brussel 

Occupation

N/A

Education

N/A

Membership

• Academie Imperiale et Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres de Bruxelles
  member (1773) & Secrétaire perpétuel (1776-1787) 25-05-1773 - 1787
• (Koninklijk) Zeeuwsch Genootschap der Wetenschappen
  member 28-08-1781

Provenance

• Noms des académiciens. Regnicoles & Étrangersselon de la date de leur admission. In: Mémoires de l'Académie Impériale et Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres de Bruxelles. 1789

Publications

N/A

Wiki and VIAF

Wiki Data: N/A
VIAF: N/A

BIO

Dissertation: N/A

Highest degree: N/A

Fields of interest:

• art

Biography:
Painter

Residence

• Amsterdam 

Occupation

• artist 

Education

N/A

Membership

• Koninklijk Instituut, vierde klasse
  Member 18-07-1808
• Academie Imperiale et Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres de BruxellesBrussel
  Member 
• Koninklijke Academie voor Schone Kunsten - GentGent
  Member 

Provenance

• Moritz, L., Jaarboek 1851, p. 129-130 door F.A.W. Miquel.

Publications

N/A

Wiki and VIAF

Wiki Data: Q16062256
VIAF: http://viaf.org/viaf/95750795

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BIO

Dissertation: N/A

Highest degree: N/A

Fields of interest:
N/A

Biography:
N/A

Residence

N/A

Occupation

N/A

Education

N/A

Membership

• Maatschappij van Verdiensten onder de Zinspreuk ‘Felix Meritis, departement Natuurkunde
  Member 1817
• Vereeniging ter Bevordering van de Belangen des Boekhandels
  president 1834 - 1838
• Vereeniging ter Bevordering van de Belangen des Boekhandels
  president 1839 - 1844

Provenance

N/A

Publications

N/A

Wiki and VIAF

Wiki Data: N/A
VIAF: N/A

BIO

Dissertation: N/A

Highest degree: N/A

Fields of interest:

• physics

Biography:
N/A

Residence

• Leuven 

Occupation

• Professor of Physics, Mathemetics, Astronomy and Agricultural Economics 1817 - Universiteit Leuven, Leuven
• Rector Magnificus 1819 - 1820 - Universiteit Leuven, Leuven

Education

N/A

Membership

• Koninklijk Instituut, eerste klasse
  Member 28-05-1816
• Academie Imperiale et Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres de Bruxelles
  member 1816

Provenance

• Sentelet, J.F., Algemene Vergadering Instituut 1830, p. 17-18 door H.H. Klijn; Verslagen Instituut Klasse I, 1829, p. 9 door H.C. Boon van der Mesch.

Publications

N/A

Wiki and VIAF

Wiki Data: N/A
VIAF: N/A

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BIO

Dissertation: N/A

Highest degree: N/A

Fields of interest:

• medicine

Biography:
Doctor in Gent.

Residence

• Gent 

Occupation

• Professor  - University of Gent, Gent

Education

N/A

Membership

• Koninklijk Instituut, eerste klasse
  Member 28-05-1816
• Academie Imperiale et Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres de BruxellesBrussel
  Member 

Provenance

• Wauters, P.E., Algemene Vergadering Instituut 1841, p. 12 door J. Bosscha; Verslagen Instituut Klasse I, 1841, p. 14-15 door W.S. Swart.

Publications

N/A

Wiki and VIAF

Wiki Data: N/A
VIAF: http://viaf.org/viaf/10760866

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BIO

Dissertation: N/A

Highest degree: N/A

Fields of interest:

• astronomy

Biography:
Famous French astronomer.

Residence

• Paris 

Occupation

N/A

Education

N/A

Membership

• Academie Imperiale et Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres de Bruxelles
  Member 14-10-1776 - 1794
• Royal Society of London
  Fellow 24-11-1763
• Bataafsch Genootschap der Proefondervindelijke Wijsbegeerte - Rotterdam
  Correspondent 1774

Provenance

• Noms des académiciens. Regnicoles & Étrangersselon de la date de leur admission. In: Mémoires de l'Académie Impériale et Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres de Bruxelles. 1784

Publications

N/A

Wiki and VIAF

Wiki Data: N/A
VIAF: N/A

BIO

Dissertation: N/A

Highest degree: Med. Doct.

Fields of interest:

• medicine

Biography:
Med. Doctor in Antwerp.

Residence

• Antwerpen 

Occupation

N/A

Education

N/A

Membership

• Academie Imperiale et Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres de Bruxelles
  member 25-05-1773 - 1793
• (Koninklijk) Zeeuwsch Genootschap der Wetenschappen
  member 28-08-1781

Provenance

• Noms des académiciens. Regnicoles & Étrangersselon de la date de leur admission. In: Mémoires de l'Académie Impériale et Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres de Bruxelles. 1780

Publications

N/A

Wiki and VIAF

Wiki Data: N/A
VIAF: N/A

BIO

Dissertation: Specimen criticum in Platonem

Highest degree: Phd

Fields of interest:

• history
• philosophy
• greek literature

Biography:
N/A

Residence

• Utrecht 

Occupation

• Professor of History, Philosophy and Greek Literature 1804 - Universiteit Utrecht, Utrecht
• Librarian at the Academic Library  - Universiteit Utrecht, Utrecht

Education

• Student 1797 - Athenaeum Illustre te Amsterdam, Amsterdam
• Student  - Universiteit Leiden, Leiden

Membership

• Provinciaal Utrechtsch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen
  Director 1804 1803 - 1839
• Koninklijk Instituut, derde klasse
  Member 18-07-1808
• Hollandsche Maatschappij der Wetenschappen - Haarlem
  Member 1808 - 1839
• (Koninklijk) Zeeuwsch Genootschap der Wetenschappen
  Member 22-10-1806 - 1839
• Maatschappij der Nederlandsche Letterkunde - Leiden
  Member 
• Académie des Inscriptions et belles-lettres
  Member 
• Akademie der Wissenschaften Berlin
  Member 

Provenance

• Heusde, P.W. van, Algemene Vergadering Instituut 1839, p. 19-22 door W.S. Swart, Gedenkschriften Klasse III, 1848, p. 109-113 door C.A. den Tex.

Publications

N/A

Wiki and VIAF

Wiki Data: Q1358168
VIAF: http://viaf.org/viaf/95188373

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BIO

Dissertation: N/A

Highest degree: N/A

Fields of interest:

• mathematics
• archeology

Biography:
N/A

Residence

• Paris 

Occupation

• Director of the national archives 1840
• Professor of History 1831 - 1838 - College de France, Paris
• Professor of Archeology 1838 - 1840 - College de France, Paris

Education

• Student  - College de France

Membership

• Koninklijk Instituut, derde klasse
  Associated Member 08-04-1845
• Académie des Inscriptions et belles-lettres
  Member 1816-03

Provenance

• Letronne, J.A., Jaarboek 1849, p. 28-30 door J. Bosscha.

Publications

N/A

Wiki and VIAF

Wiki Data: Q574368
VIAF: http://viaf.org/viaf/36990347

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BIO

Dissertation: N/A

Highest degree: N/A

Fields of interest:

• history
• ethnology
• literature
• medicine

Biography:
With his far reaching diplomacy and with his writings, he became a prominent architect of the Philhellenism movement throughout Europe, and contributed eminently to the liberation of the Greeks, and to the rebirth of the Greek Nation. Held strong republican views, was prisoner of the Turkish sultan.

Residence

• Paris 1797 - 1838

Occupation

N/A

Education

N/A

Membership

• Koninklijk Instituut, derde klasse
  Correspondent, living abroad 18-02-1828
• Académie des Inscriptions et belles-lettres
  Member 

Provenance

• Pouqueville, F.C.H.L., Algemene Vergadering Instituut 1839, p. 24 door W.S. Swart, Gedenkschriften Klasse III, 1838, p. 115 door C.A. den Tex.

Publications

N/A

Wiki and VIAF

Wiki Data: Q2665768
VIAF: http://viaf.org/viaf/41938394

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BIO

Dissertation: N/A

Highest degree: N/A

Fields of interest:

• library and information science

Biography:
Joseph Basile Bernard Van Praet was a Flemish librarian and scholar active in France. Short before the French Revolution, he became the head of the Bibliothèque de Roi, which was after the Revolution known as the Bibliothèque Nationale. During the French Revolution he increased the stock to three times its previous amount: the printed collection went from 300 000 to more than a million.

Residence

• Paris 

Occupation

• librarian 01-07-1784 - Bibliothèque du Roi Paris, Paris
• president 1829 - Bibliothèque du Roi Paris, Paris
• book auctioneer , Paris

Education

• student at Collège dArras , Arras

Membership

• Koninklijk Instituut, tweede klasse
  Correspondent, living abroad 27-02-1809
• Académie des Inscriptions et belles-lettres
  Member 19-03-1830

Provenance

• Praet, J. van, Verslagen Instituut Klasse II, 1837, p. 8 door A. des Amorie van der Hoeven; Algemene Vergadering Instituut 1837, p. 11 door M.C. van Hall.
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Van_Praet

Publications

N/A

Wiki and VIAF

Wiki Data: Q1215870
VIAF: http://viaf.org/viaf/7504469

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BIO

Dissertation: N/A

Highest degree: N/A

Fields of interest:

• physics
• mathematics
• optics
• astronomy

Biography:
Born in 1629, Huygens was the son of the poet and diplomat, Constantijn Huygens. He studied law in Leiden and Breda. He was interested mainly in mathematics and proved to be very talented early in life. With his brother Constantijn Jr., he ground lenses and made astronomical observations. He also developed a very accurate pendulum clock and established a wave-theory of light. His discoveries attracted attention abroad, and, in 1666, he was asked to lead the newly founded Académie des Sciences in Paris. After a few years absence caused by illness, he resigned from the Académie. Later in life he wrote a book on cosmolog, called 'Cosmotheoros'.

Inventor of the pendulum clock ("slingeruurwerk") and the aerial telescope. Designer of the Huygens ocular. Huygens discovered the moon of Saturn (Titan) and explained that a ring was present around this planet. He also established the wave-theory of light.

Collections: Museum Boerhaave Leiden, Universiteitsmuseum Utrecht, Noordelijk Scheepvaart Museum Groningen.

Residence

• Den Haag 1629 - 1645
• Leiden 1645-05-12
• Breda 1647
• Paris 1660-10-12
• London 1661-03-19
• Den Haag 1661-05-27
• Paris 1633-04-03
• London 1663-06-07
• Paris 1663-10-01 - 1663-06-07
• Den Haag 1664-06-07
• Den Haag 1648-05~
• Spa 1654-08 - 1654-08~
• Paris 1655-07~ - 1655-11-26~
• Paris 1666 - 1681
• Den Haag 1681 - 1695

Occupation

• Instrument maker 

Education

• Law student 12-05-1645 - Universiteit Leiden
• Student at Breda 1646~ - 1648~ - Collegium Arausiacum - Breda

Membership

• Académie de Montmor
  Attendant 
• Académie Royale des Sciences
  Member 1665
• Royal Society of London
  Member 22-06-1663
• Académie de Thévenot
  Attendant 

Provenance

• Biografisch Woordenboek van Nederlandse Wiskundigen. http://www.bwnw.nl/
• Theoremata de quadratura hyperboles, ellipsis et circuli (1651)
• De Saturni Luna observatio nova (1656)
• Systema saturnium (1659)
• Horologium oscillatorium sive de motu pendularium (1673)
• Memoriën aengaende het slijpen van glasen tot verrekijckers (1685)
• Traité de la lumière (1690)
• Cosmotheoros (1698)
• Riekher, R. Fernrohre und ihre Meister: eine Entwicklungsgeschichte der Fernrohrtechnik (Berlin 1957).
• Ahlström, O. Synverktyg fran äldre tider (Stockholm 1943).
• Jorink, E. Reading the book of nature in the Dutch golden age, 1575-1715 (Leiden/Boston 2010).
• Doorman, G. Octrooien voor uitvindingen in de Nederlanden uit de 16e-18e eeuw : met bespreking van enkele onderwerpen uit de geschiedenis der techniek (Den Haag 1940).
• Zinner, E. Deutsche und Niederländische astronomische Instrumente des 11.-18. Jahrhunderts (München 1956).
• Forbes, R.J. Cultuurgeschiedenis van wetenschap en techniek ('s Gravenhage 1966).
• Nijland, A.A. Christiaan Huygens, in het bijzonder als astronoom (Groningen 1929).
• Crommelin, C.A. Christiaan Huygens (Gent 1938).
• Icke, V. De ruimte van Christiaan Huygens (Groningen 2009).
• Daumas, M. Scientific instruments of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries and their makers (London 1972).
• Harting, P. ' De tien-voets kijker van Christiaan Huygens', in: Album der Natuur (1867).
• Michel, H. Instruments des sciences dans l'art et l'histoire (Rhode-St-Genèse 1965).

Publications

N/A

Wiki and VIAF

Wiki Data: Q39599
VIAF: http://viaf.org/viaf/9894043

BIO

Dissertation: N/A

Highest degree: N/A

Fields of interest:

• meteorology
• astronomy

Biography:
N/A

Residence

• Brussel 

Occupation

N/A

Education

N/A

Membership

• Academie Imperiale et Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres de Bruxelles
  Directeur 1772 - 1781
• Sociéte Litéraire de Bruxelles
  Member 01-02-1769 - 1772

Provenance

N/A

Publications

N/A

Wiki and VIAF

Wiki Data: N/A
VIAF: N/A

BIO

Dissertation: N/A

Highest degree: N/A

Fields of interest:

• history

Biography:
Heraut d' Armes de province de Namur

Residence

N/A

Occupation

N/A

Education

N/A

Membership

• Academie Imperiale et Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres de Bruxelles
  Member 1772 - 1792
• Sociéte Litéraire de Bruxelles
  Member 1769-10 - 1772

Provenance

N/A

Publications

N/A

Wiki and VIAF

Wiki Data: N/A
VIAF: N/A

BIO

Dissertation: De salvia et muco

Highest degree: professor

Fields of interest:

• medicine

Biography:
N/A

Residence

• Amsterdam 

Occupation

• professor in surgery , Amsterdam

Education

• medicine student 

Membership

• Maatschappij van Verdiensten onder de Zinspreuk ‘Felix Meritis’
  member and member of the board 1870 - 1885~
• Genootschap ter bevordering van genees- en heelkunde, onder den zinspreuk ‘Occidit qui non servat’ - Antwerpen
  secretary 
• Académie des Sciences
  corresponding member 
• Nederlands Natuur- en Geneeskundig Congres
  member [..1890]

Provenance

• Naamlijst van de leden en donatrices der maatschappij Felix Meritis (Amsterdam 1875).
• Naamlijst van de leden en donatrices der maatschappij Felix Meritis (Amsterdam 1885).
• Album Academicum van het Athenaeum Illustre en de Universiteit van Amsterdam (Amsterdam 1913) 419.
• Ledenlijst Vereeniging het Nederl. Natuur- en Geneesk. Congres (1890).

Publications

N/A

Wiki and VIAF

Wiki Data: N/A
VIAF: N/A