PERSONEN FILTERS: s=, field=physical instruments
Gevonden personen:
Member Group(s)
- KNAW-Lid
Variant Names
- Mackor, Eddie
BIO
Dissertation: The Properties of the Electrical Double-layer (1951)Highest degree: Dr.
Fields of interest:
Biography:
N/A
Residence
- Den Haag
Occupation
N/AEducation
N/AMembership
- Koninklijke Nederlandsche Akademie van Wetenschappen
Member Afd. Natuurkunde 31-05-1968 - 01-06-2009
Provenance
- Levensberichten en herdenkingen (2010), 88-96
Publications
N/A
Jan Arnold Albert Ketelaar
MALEAmsterdam, Netherlands 21-04-1908 - † Lochem, Netherlands 23-11-2001
Member Group(s)
- KNAW-Lid
Variant Names
N/ABIO
Dissertation: N/AHighest degree: N/A
Fields of interest:
Biography:
N/A
Residence
- Rijssen
Occupation
N/AEducation
N/AMembership
- Koninklijke Nederlandsche Akademie van Wetenschappen
Member Afd. Natuurkunde 19-05-1958
Provenance
- Ketelaar, J.A.A., Levensberichten en herdenkingen, 2003, p. 31-37 door C. Haas.
Publications
N/AMember Group(s)
- KNAW-Lid
Variant Names
N/ABIO
Dissertation: N/AHighest degree: N/A
Fields of interest:
Biography:
N/A
Residence
- Oostakker
Occupation
N/AEducation
N/AMembership
- Koninklijke Nederlandsche Akademie van Wetenschappen
Correspondent Afdeling Natuurkunde 05-06-1948
Provenance
- Rutgers, A.J., Levensberichten en herdenkingen 2000, p. 55-60 door J.Th.G. Overbeek.
Publications
N/A
Hendrik Willem Bakhuis Roozeboom
MALEAlkmaar, Netherlands 24-10-1854 - † Amsterdam, Netherlands 08-02-1907
Member Group(s)
- Genootschaps-lid
- KNAW-Lid
Variant Names
- Roozeboom, Hendrik Willem Bakhuis
BIO
Dissertation: On the Hydrates of Sulphurous Acid, Chlorine, Bromine and Hydrochloric AcidHighest degree: doctor
Fields of interest:
Biography:
Bakhuys Roozeboom was the son of Jan Hendrik Bakhuys Roozeboom, who was a bookkeeper, and Maria Rensen. From 1868 to 1872 Bakhuys Roozeboom attended the HBS in Alkmaar and afterwards studied Greek and Latin, until in 1874 he passed the examination for admission to the university of Leiden. In the meantime, he had also assisted J.M. van Bemmelen, who was director of an HBS at Arnhem, in his chemical research on the soil of the new IJpolders near Amsterdam. Since Bakhuis Roozeboom did not have the financial means to study at Leiden, he became an analytical chemist in The Hague.
In 1878 however, Van Bemmelen, who had become professor of chemistry at Leiden, was able to appoint him as his research assistant and so offered him the opportunity to study chemistry after all. A year later Bakhuis Roozeboom married Catharina Elisabeth Wins, who gave birth to four sons and two daughters. In 1882 Bakhuys Roozeboom passed his doctoral examination and in 1884 received his doctorate with a dissertation of only 20 pages Over de hydraten van zwaveligzuur, chloor, broom en chloorwaterstof (On the Hydrates of Sulphurous Acid, Chlorine, Bromine and Hydrochloric Acid). In this dissertation he studied the relationship between the three states of matter at different temperatures and pressures. From 1881 to 1896 he earned a living as a teacher at an HBS for girls in Leiden.
In 1886 J.D. van der Waals drew his attention to the work of J. Willard Gibbs in thermodynamics, especially his phase rule of 1876, which defines the conditions of equilibrium as a relationship between the number of components of a system and the number of coexisting phases. This rule provided Bakhuys Roozeboom with a theoretical basis for his experimental work on heterogeneous equilibria, which he had begun to study in 1882. The first result was his article 'Sur les differentes formes de l'équilibre chimique hétérogène'(1887). Because of his admission as a privat-dozent in 1889 and his appointment as lecturer in physical chemistry in 1893 at Leiden, he had the opportunity to study all kinds of equilibria with his students, among whom F.A.H. Schreinemakers was the most important. In 1890 he was elected as a member of the Royal Academy Arts and of Sciences.
In 1896 Bakhuys Roozeboom succeeded Van 't Hoff as professor of chemistry at Amsterdam, where he continued the research on heterogeneous equilibria he had begun at Leiden. But he also continued the research school Van 't Hoff had founded at Amsterdam. As Van 't Hoff did before, Bakhuys Roozeboom stimulated his Ph.D. students to work out the details of his theory and each year two or three of them took their degree under his supervision. The results were summarized in Die heterogenen Gleichgewichte vom Standpunkte der Phasenlehre, the first and second volumes of which appeared in 1901 and 1904. After his death some of his pupils and collaborators (E.H. Buchner, A.H.W. Aten, F.A.H. Schreinemakers) continued this publication. In addition to his theoretical work, Bakhuys Roozeboom was also active in practical science: for example, he analyzed drinking water and developed a chemical method to clean paintings that were affected by vapours from the canals in Amsterdam. Since most scientists in the late nineteenth century separated science from religion, it was remarkable that Bakhuys Roozeboom openly confessed to be a Christian scientist. In 1895 he was one of the founders of the Christelijke Vereeniging van Natuur- en Geneeskundigen in Nederland (Christian Association of Scientists and Physicians in the Netherlands).
Residence
- Amsterdam
Occupation
N/AEducation
N/AMembership
- Koninklijke Nederlandsche Akademie van Wetenschappen
member Afd. Natuurkunde 10-05-1890 - Nederlands Natuur- en Geneeskundig Congres
member [..1890]
Provenance
- Bakhuis Roozeboom, H.W., Verslagen Natuurkunde 15, 1906/07, p. 681-685 door H.G. van de Sande Bakhuyzen.
- Ledenlijst Vereeniging het Nederl. Natuur- en Geneesk. Congres (1890).
Publications
N/AMember Group(s)
- KNAW-Lid
Variant Names
N/ABIO
Dissertation: N/AHighest degree: N/A
Fields of interest:
Biography:
N/A
Residence
- Groningen
Occupation
N/AEducation
N/AMembership
- Koninklijke Nederlandsche Akademie van Wetenschappen
Member Afd. Natuurkunde / (resigned) 13-05-1915 - 06-09-1943
Provenance
- Jaeger, F.M., Jaarboek 1944/45, p. 145-147 door J.M. Bijvoet.
Publications
-
The temperature-coefficients of the free surface-energy of liquids at temperatures from - 80º to 1650º C. I. Methods and apparatus Year: . Pages: 41. (PDF format)
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Researches on the Temperature-coefficients of the free Surface-energy of Liquids at Temperatures between -80° and 1650°C. VIII. The specific Surface-energy of some Salts of the Alcali-metals Year: . Pages: 15. (PDF format)
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On some Condensation-products of Aromatic Aldehydes and Amines Year: . Pages: 5. (PDF format)
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On a new case of form-analogy and miscibility of postition-isomeric benzene-derivatives and on the crystalforms of the six Nitrodibromobenzenes Year: . Pages: 9. (PDF format)
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On the Tri-para-Halogen-Substitution products of Triphenylmethane and thriphenylcarbinol Year: . Pages: 11. (PDF format)
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On the Symmetry of the Röntgenpatterns Obtained by means of Systems Composed of Crystalline Lamellae, and on the Structure of Pseudo-Symmetrical Crystals Year: . Pages: 17. (PDF format)
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Investigations into Pasteur's Principle of the Connection between Molecular and Crystallonomical Dissymmetry: IV. Racemic and Optically-active Complex Salts of Rhodium-tri-oxalic Acid Year: . Pages: 18. (PDF format)
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On the question as the miscibility and the formanalogy in aromatic Nitro-and Nitroso-compounds Year: . Pages: 6. (PDF format)
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On the preservation of the crystallographical symmetry in the substitution of position isomeric derivatives of the benzene series Year: . Pages: 11. (PDF format)
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On the crystal-forms of the 2,4-Dinitroaniline-derivatives, substituted in the NH2 group Year: . Pages: 3. (PDF format)
Member Group(s)
- KNAW-Lid
Variant Names
N/ABIO
Dissertation: N/AHighest degree: N/A
Fields of interest:
Biography:
N/A
Residence
- De Steeg
Occupation
N/AEducation
N/AMembership
- Koninklijke Nederlandsche Akademie van Wetenschappen
Member Afd. Natuurkunde 05-06-1975
Provenance
- Ledenlijst in: De leden van de Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen. Een demografisch perspectief: 1808 tot 2008. Kaa, D.J. vam de, Roo, Y. de. KNAW Press (2008)
Publications
N/AWiki and VIAF
Wiki Data: N/AVIAF: N/A
Evert Johannes Willem Verwey
MALEAmsterdam, Netherlands 30-04-1905 - † Utrecht, Netherlands 13-02-1981
Member Group(s)
- KNAW-Lid
Variant Names
N/ABIO
Dissertation: N/AHighest degree: N/A
Fields of interest:
Biography:
N/A
Residence
- Utrecht
Occupation
N/AEducation
N/AMembership
- Koninklijke Nederlandsche Akademie van Wetenschappen
Member Afd. Natuurkunde 17-06-1949
Provenance
- Verwey, E.J.W., Verslagen Natuurkunde 90, 1981, p. 14 door J. Lever; Jaarboek 1981/82, p. 167-177 door H.J. Vink.
Publications
Member Group(s)
- KNAW-Lid
Variant Names
N/ABIO
Dissertation: N/AHighest degree: N/A
Fields of interest:
Biography:
N/A
Residence
- Delft
Occupation
N/AEducation
N/AMembership
- Koninklijke Nederlandsche Akademie van Wetenschappen
Member Afd. Natuurkunde 27-06-1979
Provenance
- Wolff, P. M. de, Levensberichten en herdenkingen 1999, p. 51-56 door A. Looijenga-Vos.
Publications
N/AMember Group(s)
- KNAW-Lid
Variant Names
N/ABIO
Dissertation: N/AHighest degree: N/A
Fields of interest:
Biography:
N/A
Residence
- Moscow
Occupation
N/AEducation
N/AMembership
- Koninklijke Nederlandsche Akademie van Wetenschappen
Foreign Member Afd. Natuurkunde 26-04-1965
Provenance
- Frumkin, A.N., Verslagen Natuurkunde 85, 1976, p. 103 door L.B.W. Jongkees; Jaarboek 1976, p. 207-210 door E.J.W. Verwey.
Publications
N/AMember Group(s)
- KNAW-Lid
Variant Names
N/ABIO
Dissertation: Theorie der Electrophorese, het Relaxatie-effect (Utrecht, 1941)Highest degree: Dr.
Fields of interest:
Biography:
N/A
Residence
- Bilthoven
Occupation
N/AEducation
N/AMembership
- Koninklijke Nederlandsche Akademie van Wetenschappen
Member Afd. Natuurkunde 22-05-1953
Provenance
- Ledenlijst in: De leden van de Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen. Een demografisch perspectief: 1808 tot 2008. Kaa, D.J. vam de, Roo, Y. de. KNAW Press (2008)
Publications
N/AMember Group(s)
- KNAW-Lid
Variant Names
N/ABIO
Dissertation: N/AHighest degree: N/A
Fields of interest:
Biography:
N/A
Residence
- De Bilt
Occupation
N/AEducation
N/AMembership
- Koninklijke Nederlandsche Akademie van Wetenschappen
Member Afd. Natuurkunde 26-05-1972
Provenance
- Groen, P., Levensberichten en herdenkingen 1996, p. 37-41 door H. Postma.
Publications
N/AMember Group(s)
- Genootschaps-lid
- KNAW-Lid
Variant Names
N/ABIO
Dissertation: N/AHighest degree: N/A
Fields of interest:
Biography:
N/A
Residence
- Utrecht
Occupation
N/AEducation
N/AMembership
- Koninklijke Nederlandsche Akademie van Wetenschappen
Member Afd. Natuurkunde / (forced to resign) 21-05-1913 - 24-11-1942 - Royal Society of London
Foreign Member 29-04-1926 - Nederlands Natuur- en Geneeskundig Congres
member [..1890]
Provenance
- Cohen, E.J., Jaarboek 1879, p. 39-65 door G. van Diesen.
- http://www.joodsmonument.nl/person/446444
- H.A.M. Snelders, 'Cohen, Ernest Julius (1869-1944)', in Biografisch Woordenboek van Nederland. URL:http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/bwn1880-2000/lemmata/bwn1/cohen [12-11-2013]
- Ledenlijst Vereeniging het Nederl. Natuur- en Geneesk. Congres (1890).
Publications
N/AMember Group(s)
- KNAW-Lid
Variant Names
N/ABIO
Dissertation: N/AHighest degree: N/A
Fields of interest:
Biography:
N/A
Residence
- Hartlip
Occupation
N/AEducation
N/AMembership
- Koninklijke Nederlandsche Akademie van Wetenschappen
Foreign Member Afd. Natuurkunde 28-05-1927
Provenance
- Donnan, F.G., Verslagen Natuurkunde 66, 1957, p. 115 door M.W. Woerdeman; Jaarboek 1957/58, p. 217-219 door J.Th.G. Overbeek.
Publications
N/AMember Group(s)
- Boerhaave (instrumentenmakers)
Variant Names
N/ABIO
Dissertation: N/AHighest degree: N/A
Fields of interest:
Biography:
A scientific instrument maker who probably came from Groningen. He made solar microscopes, astrolabes and physical instruments. In 1769, he delivered some instruments to Groniningen University (Academie van Groningen). He also served in the army several times.
Collection: Museum Boerhaave Leiden (an astrolabes signed 'O.N. Degerman Fecit 1764').
Residence
N/AOccupation
- instrument maker 1756 - 1764
Education
N/AMembership
N/AProvenance
- Rooseboom, M. Bijdrage tot de geschiedenis der instrumentmakerskunst in de noordelijke Nederlanden (Leiden 1950).
Publications
N/AWiki and VIAF
Wiki Data: N/AVIAF: N/A
Member Group(s)
- Boerhaave (instrumentenmakers)
Variant Names
- Wyck, J. van
- Weyk, J. van
BIO
Dissertation: N/AHighest degree: N/A
Fields of interest:
Biography:
Jan van Wijk was son of watch maker Jacobus van Wijk (1706 - 1766), and brother of scientific instrument maker Jacobus van Wijk (1734 - 1791), both in Amsterdam. Jan lived in the Kalverstraat, near the St Luciensteeg from 1767-1795, where he made octants of which is number is preserved..
Collections: Museum Boerhaave, Leiden, Scheepvaartmuseum, Amsterdam, Jakobstads Museum, Finland, Landes Museum, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
Residence
- Amsterdam 1760 - 1795
Occupation
N/AEducation
N/AMembership
N/AProvenance
- Morzer Bruyns, W.F.J. Schip Recht door Zee. (Amsterdam, 2003).
- Rooseboom, M. Bijdrage tot de geschiedenis der instrumentmakerskunst. (Leiden, 1950).
Publications
N/AMember Group(s)
- Boerhaave (instrumentenmakers)
Variant Names
N/ABIO
Dissertation: N/AHighest degree: N/A
Fields of interest:
Biography:
Instrument maker from Arnhem, the Netherlands. Between 1847 and 1852 he worked for Christopher Becker, between 1853 and 1858 he worked for several German companies. After 1858 he worked for Siemens and Haske in Berlin, from 1860 on he worked for the London branch of the company. Around 1865 he returned to The Netherlands and started his own instrument making company in the Ridderstraat, Arnhem. Here, he made mathematical, physical and optical instruments, and surveying devices. He also made balance scales for Dutch postal services. Lenses used in optical instruments were bought in Paris or Germany. After his death, his son Barend succeeded him.
Collection: Museum Boerhaave Leiden (a focus ruler and a compass).
Residence
- Arnhem
Occupation
- instrument maker 1847~ - [..1898], Arnhem
Education
N/AMembership
N/AProvenance
- Archive Museum Boerhaave
Publications
N/AWiki and VIAF
Wiki Data: N/AVIAF: N/A
Member Group(s)
- Boerhaave (instrumentenmakers)
- Genootschaps-lid
Variant Names
N/ABIO
Dissertation: N/AHighest degree: N/A
Fields of interest:
Biography:
Snellen enrolled at Leiden University in 1748 as a student in law. In 1750 he settled in Dordrecht, where he had inherited Develsteijn (a small castle outside the city), from his uncle Adam van Broeckhuysen (d. 1748), a skilled mechanic and clock maker. It was this uncle who probably had introduced the young Snellen in the craft of making time pieces and sundails. In 1758 Snellen became burgomaster of Dordrecht. In that capacity he was the head of the city clockworks. According to Schotel (1840) this was the reason he got interested in precision time pieces. He grew into a talented amateur instrument maker and designed chronometers and sundials. Again according to Schotel (1840) these instrument were (partly?) made by the horologist Steven Hoogendijk in Rotterdam and the Dordrecht watch maker of Italian decent Civati. In the 1770s Snellen presented a chronometer made by his own design to the Dutch stadholder, prince William V. This was the first chronometer ever made in the Netherlands. In 1791 Snellen bequeathed precision astronomical clocks to two Dutch institutions: (1) the Rotterdam Genootschap voor Proefondervindelijke Wijsbegeerte, and (2) the Leyden Astronomical Observatory. Only the latter has survived. A Snellen chronometer was auctioned in 2004 in New York as part of the inventory of the former Time Museum.
Designer (and perhaps maker) of the first chronometer made in the Netherlands
Collection: Museum Boerhaave Leiden (the Leyden Astronomical Observatory, Universiteitsmuseum Utrecht, Time Museum
Residence
- Dordrecht 1750~ - 1785
- Breda 1785 - 1781
Occupation
- Mayor of Dordrecht 1758, Dordrecht
- Designer and maker of time pieces 1750~ - 1785, Dordrecht
Education
- student in law 1748 - 1750 - Universiteit Leiden, Leiden
Membership
- Letterkundig genootschap onder de zinspreuk ‘Kunstliefde Spaart Geen Vlijt’
Honorary member 1772 - 1787 - Natuurkundig Genootschap - DordrechtDordrecht
member 1785
Provenance
- Rooseboom, M. Bijdrage tot de geschiedenis der instrumentmakerskunst in de noordelijke Nederlanden (Leiden 1950).
- Gent, R.H. van. De tijdmeters van de Leidse Sterrewacht (Leiden 1992).
- Morpurgo, E. Nederlandse klokken- en horlogemakers vanaf 1300 (Amsterdam 1970).
- Mörzer Bruyns, W.F.J. Schip recht door zee : de octant in de Republiek in de achttiende eeuw (Amsterdam 2003).
- Zuidervaart, H.J. Van 'konstgenoten' en hemelse fenomenen : Nederlandse sterrenkunde in de achttiende eeuw (Rotterdam 1999).
- Gent, R.H. van en J.H. Leopold, De tijdmeters van de Leidse Sterrewacht (Leiden 1992).
- Zeeman, J. De Nederlandse staande klok (Zwolle 1996).
- Schotel, G.D.J. Geschied-, letter- en oudheidkundige uitspanningen (Utrecht 1840).
- N.J.M. Dresch, ‘Het geslacht Snellen’, De Navorscher 58 (1909), 319-320.
Publications
N/A
Abraham van Stipriaan Luïscius
MALEOudewater, Netherlands 10-10-1753 - † Delft, Netherlands 02-05-1829
Member Group(s)
- Boerhaave (instrumentenmakers)
- Genootschaps-lid
- KNAW-Lid
Variant Names
- Luiscius, Stipriaan
- Stipriaan Luiscius, Abraham van
BIO
Dissertation: N/AHighest degree: doctor
Fields of interest:
Biography:
In 1788 the Medical Doctor Van Stipriaan Luïscius was a lecturer of chemistry (1789) in Delft. He won various scientific competitions. He was the inventor and maker of a kind of bathometer (depth gange). In 1805 he published a description of that instrument.
Collections: Universiteitsmuseum Utrecht (wine ganging rod and a bathometer (depth gange), Museum Boerhaave Leiden (two portrets and a prize medal).
Residence
- Delft 1788 - 1814~
Occupation
- Doctor Medicinae 1788, Delft
- Lecturer chemistry 1789 - Universiteit Leiden, Delft
- inventor of scientific instruments 1800~, Delft
Education
- Student of Medicine 1784 - 1788 - Universiteit Leiden, Leiden
Membership
- Koninklijk Instituut, eerste klasse
Member 11-05-1819 - Koninklijk Instituut, eerste klasse
Correspondent, living in the Netherlands 11-03-1809 - Departementale Commissie van Geneeskundig Onderzoek en Toevoorzigt in Holland, te Den Haag
Member 1806 - Académie Nationale de MédicineParis
Correspondent - Bataafsch Genootschap der Proefondervindelijke Wijsbegeerte - Rotterdam
Member - (Koninklijk) Zeeuwsch Genootschap der Wetenschappen
Member - Hollandsche Maatschappij der Wetenschappen - HaarlemHaarlem
Member - Provinciaal Utrechtsch Genootschap van Kunsten en WetenschappenUtrecht
Member - Maatschappij der Nederlandsche Letterkunde - Leiden
Member - Gezelschap ter Beoeffening der proefondervindelijke Wijsbegeerte in ’s Hage
extraordinary honorary member (physics department) 1809~ - 1824~
Provenance
- Stipriaan Luïscius, A. van, Algemene Vergadering Instituut 1829, p. 22-23 door J. Teissedre L’Ange; Verslagen Instituut Klasse I, 1829, p. 6-8 door H.C. Boon van der Mesch.
- Rooseboom, M., Bijdrage tot de geschiedenis der instrumentmakerskunst in de noordelijke Nederlanden (Leiden 1950).
- Stipriaan Luïscius, A. van, Description d'une sonde de mer ou bathomètre, qui pourra servir à sonder toutes les profondeurs des mers, précédée d'un coup d'oeil géologique sur la terre (La Haye 1805).
- Doorman, G. , Octrooien voor uitvindingen in de Nederlanden uit de 16e-18e eeuw ('s-Gravenhage 1940).
- Stipriaan Luïscius, A. van, Kort vertoog over de noodzakelijkheid en de mogelijkheid om de verspreiding der kinderziekte aanmerkelijk te verminderen, en de besmetting daarvan krachtdadiger en zekerder te beletten : eene bijdrage tot de geneeskundige staatsregeling (Delft 1826).
- Naamlijst der leden van de Maatschappij voor natuur- en letterkunde (Den Haag 1809).
- Naamlijst der leden van de Maatschappij voor natuur- en letterkunde (Den Haag 1814).
- Naamlijst der leden van de Maatschappij voor natuur- en letterkunde (Den Haag 1824).
Publications
N/AMember Group(s)
- Boerhaave (instrumentenmakers)
- Genootschaps-lid
- KNAW-Lid
Variant Names
N/ABIO
Dissertation: Quousque motus fluidorum et caeterae quaedam animalium et plantarum functiones consentiuntHighest degree: med. doctor
Fields of interest:
Biography:
Martinus van Marum was the son of Petrus van Marum and Cornelia van Oudheusden. The van Marum family stemmed from Groningen and belonged to the Reformed church. His father was land surveyor and agricultural specialist. From 1744 to 1764 he owned a delftware factory art Delft where he worked as master potter. Van Marum attended the primary school and Latin school at Delft. After the return of the family to Groningen, in 1664, he matriculated at Groningen university to study philosophy and medicine.
Among his teachers there were Petrus Camper (medicine and botany), Dionysius van de Wijnpersse (physics), Wouter van Doeveren (medicine, chemistry, and mineralogy), and Antonius Brugmans (philosophy, physics, and mathematics). Especially Camper was very influential, his views on botany aroused in van Marum a life-long interest in plants, and friendship with Camper until the latter's death in 1794. Contrary to the then common taxonomical studies, Camper advocated the study of the anatomy and physiology of the plant. In 1773 van Marum obtained the doctor's degree in philosophy on a highly praised thesis about the sap streams in plants. Later that year he graduated in medicine on a thesis in which he compared the physiology of sap streams in plants and animals.
Aspiring to a job as professor in botany van Marum was very disappointed when he was not elected to succeed Camper. He immediately turned his interests to the field of electricity. In 1776 he published a report on the technical improvements he introduced to the electrical machine. In the same year he went to Haarlem where he set up as a general practitioner (until 1780). The city of Haarlem appointed him as municipal lecturer in philosophy and medicine in 1776. Van Marum took this matter seriously: until 1780 he gave 52 public lectures on physical topics. In the context of Teyler's Foundation (see later) he would give another 163 lectures (until 1803). Until 1797 his subjects were mainly of a physico-chemical and technical nature, later he treated geological, mineralogical, and palaeontological issues.
In 1781 van Marum married the extremely wealthy printer's daughter Joanna Bosch (1739-1821), which made his possible for him to devote his life fully to the propagation and popularization of science. Thanks to his continuous and efficient activities, van Marum was able to make Haarlem a very important centre of Dutch science at the end of the eighteenth and the beginning of the nineteenth century. Van Marum used two institutions to reach his goals: the Dutch Society of Sciences (Hollandsche Maatschappij der Wetenschappen, founded in 1752), and Teyler's Foundation (founded in 1778 by the wealthy menist merchant Pieter Teyler van der Hulst).
Van Marum was appointed director of the Cabinet of Curiosities of the Dutch Society in 1777, he became its perpetual secretary in 1794. In 1784 he was appointed director of Teyler's Cabinet of Physical and Natural Curiosities and Library. All these functions he combined until his death. The personal and institutional wealth of both van Marum and the institutions made it him possible to expand the collections and libraries to a scale that made them famous all over Europe. From 1782 to 1802 he made a number of journeys abroad that brought him much fossil material and minerals. His most famous acquisitions were J.J. Scheuchzer's 'homo diluvii testis', actually a fossil salamander, the fossil Mosasaurus camperi, and Beringer's Lügensteine.
Apart from these activities van Marum was involved in scientific research too. His scientific ideas rested on two pillars: physico-theology, and utility. During the first half of his scientific life physico-theological interests prevailed, especially in his chemical research, his later works were mainly motiviated by utilitarian goals. In the Verhandelingen of Teyler's Foundation Van Marum published the results of many electrical and chemical experiments he had carried out with the largest electrical machine of the time. This spectacular machine was installed in 1784 in Teyler's Museum by its maker, the British instrument maker John Cuthbertson. It had two large, round glass plates each 1.65 metres in diameter. With this electrical machine he tried to discover the relationship between electricity and magnetism. Van Marum was a life long supporter of Benjamin Franklin's one fluid theory of electricity. The new Voltaic pile was quickly adopted by Van Marum, who named it after its Italian inventor.
His most important experiments, however, lay in the field of chemistry. In 1785 was the first to recognize a peculiar odour of electricity, which we now call ozone. Together with Adriaan Paets van Troostwijk he did experiments in the winters of 1785-1786 and 1786-1787 which were concentrated on the new combustion theory of the French chemist Antoine Laurent Lavoisier. These convinced him of the correctness of the new chemisty, and he became a staunch advocate of the Frenchman's ideas. In 1787 he published a summary of this oxidation theory, even before Lavoisier did so himself. With his newly developed gazometer he discovered carbon monoxide.
From 1802 onwards Van Marum's attention shifted to botany, concentrating on South African plants. For the prince of Salm-Dyck he compiled a systematic catalogue of his aloe collection, which reflected his renewed interest in plant systematics and taxonomy. However, his interest in the relation between electricity and magnetism caused him to repeat Oersted's famous experiments in 1822.
Van Marum was always interested in the practical and organisational aspects of science. He issued many competitions to write essays on scientific topics and took care of the publication of the prize-winning ones. During the French reign, king Louis Napoleon asked him, among others, to draft a constitution for a new national scientific institution, the Royal Institute of Science, Literature, and Arts (Koninklijk Instituut van Wetenschappen, Letteren en Schoone Kunsten), which was established in 1808. Until 1836 Van Marum was one of the most active members of this scientific institution. In 1814, the new king of the Netherlands, William I, appointed Van Marum to a commission for the restructuring of higher education, and in 1821 to a commission charged with the exploration of the possibilities of active control of the Dutch rivers.
As a physician Van Marum was a typical representative of the 'Aufklärungsarzt' (Enlightenment physician), who strived to make science and medicine subservient to the interests of society at large. In Van Marum's case this attitude was also stimulated by his belief in a practical form of christianity. Examples are his propagation of the use of pure oxygen to revive drowned persons, the use of steam baths for cholera patients, artificial ventilation in houses, factories and aboard ships, and the improvement of the digestor, originally invented by Denis Papin, to provide the poor with nutritive soups.
Van Marum maintained a large network of scientific contacts and correspondents throughout his life. He was a (corresponding) member of no less than 37 scientific societies in Europe and the United States. Van Marum died on 26 December 1837, honoured by Dutch and French societies, and leaving as his heir a natural son born in 1829.
Designed an electrostatic generator, with the help of Gerhard Kuyper from Groningen. Participated in development of the largest electrical machine of his time, designed by John Cuthberson.
Residence
- Haarlem
Occupation
- Physician 1776 - 1780, Haarlem
- Director Physisch kabinet and library 1784 - Teylers Museum
Education
- Student of Medicine and Philosophy 31-12-1764 - 20-08-1773 - Universiteit Groningen, Groningen
Membership
- Koninklijk Instituut, eerste klasse
Member 04-05-1808 - Provinciaal Utrechtsch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen
Ordinary member 5 dec 1776; Corresponding member 25 dec 1776 05-12-1776 - 1837 - Hollandsche Maatschappij der Wetenschappen - Haarlem
Member, and since 1794 secretary 1776 - 1837 - Bataafsch Genootschap der Proefondervindelijke Wijsbegeerte - Rotterdam
Member 1784 - 1837 - (Koninklijk) Zeeuwsch Genootschap der Wetenschappen
Member 27-08-1782 - 26-12-1837 - Royal Society of London
Member 19-04-1798 - Vergadering van Notabelen voor het departement Zuiderzee
Member 29-03-1814 - 30-03-1814 - Teylers StichtingHaarlem
Director - Académie des SciencesParis
Corresponding Member 1783 - Vrijdagsch Gezelschap genaamd ‘Libertate et Concordia’ - Amsterdam
member 1813~
Provenance
- Marum, M. van, Algemene Vergadering Instituut 1838, p. 11-12 door H.H. Klijn; Verslagen Instituut Klasse I, 1839, p. 5-7 door W.S. Swart.
- “Naamlijst der leden van het Vrijdag’s Gezelschap”, in: Naamlijst der leden van het Vrijdag's Gezelschap, opgerigt te Amsterdam den 17 december van het jaar 1734, onder de zinspreuk: Libertate et Concordia, en eenige gedichten daartoe betrekkelyk (Amsterdam 1812).
- Molhuysen, P.C., en Fr.K.H. Kossmann (redactie), Nieuw Nederlandsch Biografisch Woordenboek. Deel 10. (Leiden 1937) 588.
Publications
N/AMember Group(s)
- Boerhaave (instrumentenmakers)
Variant Names
N/ABIO
Dissertation: N/AHighest degree: N/A
Fields of interest:
Biography:
Optical instrument maker and natural philosopher, who invented the screw-barrel simple microscope in circa 1694. First to observe spermicide through a microscope. Hartsoeker worked most of his life in France. In 1699, when he returned to the Dutch Republic, he was elected member of the Academie Royale des Sciences and in 1704 of the Königlich-Preußische Akademie der Wissenschaften, in both cases as one of the first foreign members. When Czar Peter the Great visited Amsterdam, he was offered the chair of mathematics in St Petersburg. Hartsoeker rejected this offer, but later, in 1704, Hartsoeker accepted the position of "first mathematician and honorary professor of philosophy" at the University of Heidelberg, offered to him by Johann Wilhelm, Elector the Palatine. He returned to the Netherlands around 1720. The last years of his life were spent in Utrecht.
Collections: Museum Boerhaave Leiden, Universiteitsmuseum Utrecht.
Residence
- Paris 1678
- Heidelberg 1704 - 1716
- Paris 1684 - 1698
- Amsterdam 1677 - 1678
- Rotterdam 1698
- Utrecht 1720~ - 1725
Occupation
- Honorary Professsor of Philosophy - University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg
- physicist, astronomer and instrument maker 1678 - 1725
Education
- student 1675 - 1678 - Universiteit Leiden
Membership
- Académie Royale des Sciences
Foreign member 1699 - Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften
Member
Provenance
- Hartsoeker, N., Essai de Dioptrique (Parijs 1694)
- Hartsoeker, N., Principes de Physique (Parijs 1696)
- Hartsoeker, N., Conjectures Physiques (Amsterdam 1707) + several later additions
- Hartsoeker, N., Recueil de plusieurs pièces de Physique où l'on fait principalement voir l'invalidité du système de Newton (Utrecht 1722)
- Bibliotheca Hartsoekeriana, sive Catalogus librorum quae collegit Nic. Hartsoeker. Librorum auctio publica fiet ad diem 16 Juni 1727 et seqq (1727).
- Rooseboom, M., Bijdrage tot de geschiedenis der instrumentmakerskunst in de noordelijke Nederlanden (Leiden 1950).
- Harting, P., Het mikroskoop : deszelfs gebruik, geschiedenis en tegenwoordige toestand; een handboek voor natuur- en geneeskundigen, vol. III (Utrecht 1850).
- Harting, P., Bijdragen tot de geschiedenis der mikroskopen in ons vaderland (Utrecht 1846).
- Fournier, M., Early microscopes : a descriptive catalogue (Leiden 2003).
- Wielema, M.R. ' Nicolaas Hartsoeker (1656-1725): van mechanisme naar vitalisme', in: Gewina 15 (1992), 234-261.
- Clay, S. and H. Court, The history of the microscope: compiled from original instruments and documents, up to the introduction of the achromatic microscope (London 1932).
- Cittert, P. van, Geschiedenis van de verzameling antieke instrumenten van het Natuurkundig Laboratorium der Rijks Universiteit en van het Natuurkundig Gezelschap (Utrecht 1929).
- Zuidervaart, H.J. ‘The ‘invisible technician’ made visible. Telescope making in the seventeenth and early eighteenth-century Dutch Republic’ in: Alison D. Morrison-Low [et al] (eds.), From Earth-Bound to Satellite. Telescopes, Skills and Networks (Leiden/Boston: Brill 2012), 41-102.