PERSONEN FILTERS: pagina=2, s=, membership=Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, publicaties=

Gevonden personen:

Petrus Camper

MALE
Leiden, Netherlands 11-05-1722 - † Den Haag, Netherlands 07-04-1789

Member Group(s)

  • Genootschaps-lid

Variant Names

N/A

BIO

Dissertation: N/A

Highest degree: N/A

Fields of interest:
Biography:
N/A

Residence

  • Amsterdam 
  • Groningen 
  • Franeker 

Occupation

N/A

Education

N/A

Provenance

  • Schuller tot Peursum-Meijer, J. and W.R.H. Koops (eds.), Petrus Camper (1722–1789). Onderzoeker van nature (Groningen, 1989)
  • Oosterhuis, R.A.B., ‘Petrus Camper en Amsterdam. De wetenschappelijke loopbaan van Camper en de wederzijdse culturele betrekkingen van 1755 tot 1761’, Geneeskundige gids, 17 (1939), 403–419.
  • Nuyens, B.W.Th. (ed.), Petri Camperi Itinera in Angliam, 1748-1785 (Amsterdam 1939).
  • “Naamlijst der leden van het Vrijdag’s Gezelschap”, in: Naamlijst der leden van het Vrijdag's Gezelschap, opgerigt te Amsterdam den 17 december van het jaar 1734, onder de zinspreuk: Libertate et Concordia, en eenige gedichten daartoe betrekkelyk (Amsterdam 1812).

Publications

N/A

Wiki and VIAF

Wiki Data: N/A
VIAF: N/A

Hieronymus David Gaubius

MALE
Heidelberg, Germany 24-02-1705 - † Leiden, Netherlands 29-11-1780

Member Group(s)

  • Genootschaps-lid

placeholder

Variant Names

N/A

BIO

Dissertation: Dissertatio, qua idea generalis solidarum corporis humani partium exhibetur (1725)

Highest degree: N/A

Fields of interest:
Biography:
Professor of medicine and chemistry and physician of stadtholder Willem V. Besides medicine and chemistry, Gaubius also took an interest in the study of insects. He translated Jan Swammerdam's 'Bijbel der Natuur of Historie der Insecten' into Latin.

Residence

  • Leiden 
  • Paris 1752~

Occupation

  • city physician , Deventer
  • lector chemiae 21-05-1751, Leiden
  • professor of medicine and chemistry 20-09-1734, Leiden
  • consultant physician of Willem V  - 29-11-1780

Education

  • student 01-06-1722 - Hogeschool Harderwijk
  • student  - 24-08-1725, Leiden

Provenance

  • 'Naamlijst der H.H. Leden van de Algemeene Natuur en Geneeskundige Correspondentie-Societeit', in: Verhandelingen van de Natuur- en Geneeskundige Correspondentie-Societeit ('s Gravenhage 1783).
  • Institutiones pathologiae medicinalis (Leiden 1758).

Publications

N/A

Wiki and VIAF

Wiki Data: Q71174
VIAF: http://viaf.org/viaf/32074997

Johann Caspar von Orelli

MALE
Zürich, Switzerland 13-02-1787 - † Zürich, Switzerland 06-02-1849

Member Group(s)

  • KNAW-Lid

Variant Names

N/A

BIO

Dissertation: N/A

Highest degree: N/A

Fields of interest:
Biography:
N/A

Residence

  • Zürich 

Occupation

  • Preacher 1807 - 1814
  • Preacher 1807 - 1814, Bergamo
  • Teacher in modern languages and history 1814 - 1819, Chur
  • Professor of Eloquence and Hermeneutics 1819 - 1833 - Gymnasium Carolinum, Zürich
  • Professor 1833 - University of Zurich, Zürich

Education

  • Student  - Gymnasium Carolinum, Zürich

Membership

Provenance

  • Orelli, J.K. von, Jaarboek 1849, p. 32-33 door J. Bosscha.

Publications

N/A

Wiki and VIAF

Wiki Data: Q119310
VIAF: http://viaf.org/viaf/62344858

Nicolaas Samuelsz Cruquius

MALE
02-12-1678 - † Spaarndam, Netherlands 05-02-1754

Member Group(s)

  • Boerhaave (instrumentenmakers)

placeholder

Variant Names

  • Kruyckius, N.S.

BIO

Dissertation: N/A

Highest degree: N/A

Fields of interest:
Biography:
Cartographer and hydraulic engineer. Cruquius was born in 1678, either on Vlieland or in Delft. His father was a mathematician and surveyor, who worked for the VOC chamber in Delft. In 1698, Nicolaas completed his education as a surveyor and started to make topographical maps, his most important work being a large wall map of Delfland in twenty-five parts. In 1716, he matriculated at Leiden University, where he worked with Herman Boerhaave. He was also active in meteorology. On 19 December 1705, he started to make meteorological measurements in Delft. First, he measured only atmospheric pressure, but soon he expanded his measurements to temperature and wind. From 1733 until his death in 1754, he continued these measurements as employee of the 'Hoogheemraadschap van Rijnland'. His main task for this organization was to manage the hydrology of the polders. Cruquius used his meteorological measurements to persuade the policy makers. He submitted a plan to the States of Holland to establish a meteorological institute. In this he was supported by three professors from Leiden University: Wittichius, 's Gravesande and Lulofs. Although the plan was rejected, Cruquius still played an important role in Dutch meteorology, by being the first to make a sustained and consistent series of meteorological observations. Another novelty was that Cruquius presented his data in graphs. He was also the first one to use symbols to present weather phenomena, such as wind and rain. He also made scientific instruments, such as a standard foot measure (the 'Rijnlandse voet'), made together with Jacob van Werven. In 1724 he was elected Fellow of the Royal Society of London.

Was the first one to use symbols to present weather phenonema

Residence

N/A

Occupation

  • Inspector of Surveys for the Hoogheemraadschap Rijnland; Bailiff of Spaarndam; Examiner of Navigation for the East India Company 1700 - 1754
  • cartographer 

Education

  • Med. Cand.  - Universiteit Leiden

Membership

Provenance

  • Engelen, A. van, Nicolaus Cruquius and his meteorological observations (De Bilt 1985).
  • Cruquius' kaart van Delfland 1712 (Alphen a/d/ Rijn 1977).
  • Brink, P. van den, In een opslag van het oog. De Hollandse rivierkartografie en waterstaatszorg in opkomst, 1725-1754 (Alphen a/d/ Rijn 1998).
  • Postma, C., Kruikius' kaart van Delfland 1712 (Alphen a/d Rijn 1988).
  • Sneller, Z.W., ‘De landmeter N.S. Cruquius en zijn plan tot doorgraving van den Hoek van Holland anno 1731’, Bijdragen voor vaderlandsche geschiedenis en oudheidkunde 1:3/4 (1939), 257-284.
  • Zuidervaart, H.J., Van 'Konstgenoten' en hemelse fenomenen. Nederlandse sterrenkunde in de achttiende eeuw (Rotterdam 1999), 615.
  • Brabander J.A. de, & Corn. J. van der Doef, Kruikius in Namen (Wateringen 1993).
  • Krogt, P. van der, 'Het verhoudingsgetal als schaal', Kartografisch tijdschrift 21:1 (1995), 3-5.
  • Rooseboom, M., Bijdrage tot de geschiedenis der instrumentmakerskunst in de noordelijke Nederlanden (Leiden 1950), 49.

Publications

N/A

Wiki and VIAF

Wiki Data: Q258555
VIAF: http://viaf.org/viaf/47643770

Christian Gottlob Heyne

MALE
Chemnitz, Germany 25-09-1729 - † Göttingen, Germany 14-07-1812

Member Group(s)

  • KNAW-Lid

Variant Names

N/A

BIO

Dissertation: N/A

Highest degree: N/A

Fields of interest:
Biography:
Christian Gottlob Heyne was born in 1729 and started his academic career in 1748 at the University of Leipzig. During these years and in the first years of his career he lived in poverty.. He first came to scholarly notice with his 1755 edition of Tibullus, written in Dresden while he worked in the library of Count von Bruhl (Graf Heinrich von Bruhl). In the following year, as the Seven Year War broke out, he published an edition of Epictetus. Heyne's academic career is most closely identified with the University of Gottingen. He went there in 1763 as both professor (of eloquence) and director of the university's library. During those years, he published numerous essays, trnaslations and other writings on classical literature, art and archeology. Of Heyne's numerous writings, the following may be mentioned. Editions, with copious commentaries of Tibullus (ed. SC Wunderlich, 1817), Virgil (ed. GP Wagner, 1830-1841), Pindar (3rd ed. by GH Schafer, 1817), Apollodorus, Bibliotheca Graeca (1803), Homer, Iliad (1802), Opuscula academica (1785-1812), containing more than hundred academical dissertations, of which the most valuable are those relating to the colonies of Greece and the antiquities of Etruscan art and history. His Antiquarische Aufsatze (1778-1779) is a collection of essays connected with the history of ancient art. Under his directorship the University Library became one of the leading academic libraries in the world, its collection growing from 60.000 to 200.000 volumes. This was mostly because of Heyne's extensive international network and zealous acquisition of works.

Residence

  • Göttingen 1763 - 1812
  • Dresden 1752 - 1757
  • Wittenberg 1758 - 1760
  • Dresden 1762 - 1763

Occupation

  • Director 1764 - 1812 - Gottingen State and University Library , Göttingen
  • Professor of Poetry and Eloquence 1763 - 1812 - Universitat Gottingen, Göttingen
  • Secretary  - Gottingische Gelehrte Anzeigen, Göttingen

Education

  • Student 1748 - 1752 - Universitat Leipzig, Leipzig

Membership

Provenance

  • Heyne, C.G., Algemene Vergadering Instituut 1812, p. 17 door J.H. van Swinden.

Publications

N/A

Wiki and VIAF

Wiki Data: Q63182
VIAF: http://viaf.org/viaf/14819364

Hendrik Christoffel van de Hulst

MALE
Utrecht, Netherlands 19-11-1918 - † Leiden, Netherlands 31-07-2000

Member Group(s)

  • KNAW-Lid

Variant Names

N/A

BIO

Dissertation: N/A

Highest degree: N/A

Fields of interest:
Biography:
N/A

Residence

  • Oegstgeest 

Occupation

N/A

Education

N/A

Membership

Provenance

  • Hulst, H.C. van de, Levensberichten en herdenkingen 2002, p. 29-36 door H.J. Habing.

Publications

N/A

Wiki and VIAF

Wiki Data: Q437534
VIAF: http://viaf.org/viaf/108245647

Frederik Zernike

MALE
Amsterdam, Netherlands 16-07-1888 - † Amersfoort, Netherlands 10-03-1966

Member Group(s)

  • KNAW-Lid

Variant Names

  • Zernike, Frits

BIO

Dissertation: N/A

Highest degree: N/A

Fields of interest:
Biography:
Frits Zernike attended the HBS and from 1905 onwards studied chemistry at Amsterdam. At the age of nineteen, in 1907, he answered a prize question of the University of Groningen on probability theory, for which he was awarded a gold medal. He won a second gold medal for a prize question in optics issued by the Hollandsche Maatschappij van Wetenschappen in Haarlem (1912). In that year, he passed his doctoral examinations and started work on his dissertation, for which he used his prize winning essay of 1912 as a starting point. In 1913 he was appointed assistant to the astronomer J.C. Kapteyn at the University of Groningen. In 1915 he took his degree in chemistry at Amsterdam with a dissertation L'opalescence critique, théorie et experiments.
Shortly after obtaining his degree, also in 1915, Zernike succeeded Ornstein as lecturer in mathematical physics and theoretical mechanics in Groningen and in 1920 he became full professor. In the 1920's Zernike mainly worked in statistical physics. Together with Ornstein, and later with J.A. Prins, Zernike wrote a number of articles on fluctuation phenomena. In molecular statistics he introduced the concept of a radial distribution function, giving the mean number density of molecular centers around an arbitrary molecular center. For the Handbuch der Physik he wrote a chapter on probability theory and mathematical statistics (1928). In the 1930s, while not neglecting his work in statistical mechanics altogether, Zernike became more and more interested in physical optics. He had always been a very skillful instrument-maker: as early as 1921, he had constructed a very precise galvanometer and during the 1930s he worked on the construction of the so-called phase contrast microscope. He studied errors in telescope mirrors and discovered that there is a phase difference in the diffraction of light in different substances. By finding ways to increase the phase contrast, Zernike was able to construct a much more powerful microscope, with which one could study living material (staining usually kills the cells). In 1936 he obtained a patent on his invention. Zernike long remained a bachelor. In the 1920s he lived with his sister, Elisabeth Zernike, who was an author, and with his mother. Finally, only in January 1930, he married Theodora Willernina van Bommel van Vloten. They had one son (from an earlier marriage his wife already had one daughter). In February 1945, shortly before the liberation of Groningen, Zernike's wife died.
After the war Zernike, whose chair had been redefined as including mathematical and technical physics and theoretical mechanics in 1941, further refined his phase contrast microscope. In 1946 he was elected to the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. In 1947-1948 he was visiting professor at Johns Hopkins University. Especially after 1950 he received honors all over the world, including in 1953 the Nobel Prize in physics for his phase contrast microscope. In 1956 he became a fellow of the Royal Society. In the year after receiving the Nobel Prize Zernike married to Lena Baanders, with whom he had no children. He retired in 1958 and in 1961 moved to Naarden (near Amsterdam). His interests were wide ranging, including secondary teaching, natural philosophy and religion. During the last years of his life he was ill and in 1953 he entered a hospital in Amersfoort, where he died on 10 March 1966.

Residence

  • Naarden 

Occupation

N/A

Education

N/A

Membership

Provenance

  • Zernike, F., Verslagen Natuurkunde 75, 1966, p. 49-51 door C.J. Gorter; Jaarboek 1965/66,p. 370-377 door J.A. Prins.

Wiki and VIAF

Wiki Data: Q188293
VIAF: http://viaf.org/viaf/70621940

John William Sutton Pringle

MALE
Manchester, United Kingdom 22-07-1912 - † Oxford, United Kingdom 02-11-1982

Member Group(s)

  • KNAW-Lid

Variant Names

N/A

BIO

Dissertation: N/A

Highest degree: N/A

Fields of interest:
Biography:
British zoologist

Residence

  • Oxford 

Occupation

N/A

Education

N/A

Membership

Provenance

Publications

N/A

Wiki and VIAF

Wiki Data: Q967885
VIAF: http://viaf.org/viaf/111183967

Heike Kamerlingh Onnes

MALE
Groningen, Netherlands 21-09-1853 - † Leiden, Netherlands 21-02-1926

Member Group(s)

  • Genootschaps-lid
  • KNAW-Lid

Variant Names

N/A

BIO

Dissertation: N/A

Highest degree: doctor

Fields of interest:
Biography:
Nobel Prize (Physics) 1913

Residence

  • Leiden 

Occupation

N/A

Education

N/A

Membership

Provenance

  • Kamerlingh Onnes, H., Verslagen Natuurkunde 35, 1926, p. 206-210 door F.A.F.C. Went.
  • Biografie opgenomen in History of Science and Scholarship in the Netherlands
  • Ledenlijst Vereeniging het Nederl. Natuur- en Geneesk. Congres (1890).

Publications

N/A

Wiki and VIAF

Wiki Data: Q62891
VIAF: http://viaf.org/viaf/34516797

Albert Jan Kluyver

MALE
Breda, Netherlands 03-06-1888 - † Delft, Netherlands 14-05-1956

Member Group(s)

  • KNAW-Lid

Variant Names

N/A

BIO

Dissertation: N/A

Highest degree: N/A

Fields of interest:
Biography:
Copley Medal 1953

Residence

  • Delft 

Occupation

N/A

Education

N/A

Membership

Provenance

Publications

N/A

Wiki and VIAF

Wiki Data: Q903240
VIAF: http://viaf.org/viaf/22926013

Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio Anastasio Volta

MALE
Como, Italy 18-02-1745 - † Como, Italy 05-03-1827

Member Group(s)

  • KNAW-Lid

Variant Names

N/A

BIO

Dissertation: N/A

Highest degree: N/A

Fields of interest:
Biography:
Inventor of the so-called Volta pile (or voltaic pile)

Residence

  • Pavia 

Occupation

  • professor of philosophy , Padova

Education

N/A

Membership

Provenance

  • Volta, A.G.A.A., Algemene Vergadering Instituut 1827, p. 8 door J.F. Serrurier.

Publications

N/A

Wiki and VIAF

Wiki Data: Q680
VIAF: http://viaf.org/viaf/9950567

Joseph Banks

MALE
London, United Kingdom 13-02-1743 - † Isleworth, United Kingdom 19-06-1820

Member Group(s)

  • Genootschaps-lid
  • KNAW-Lid

Variant Names

N/A

BIO

Dissertation: N/A

Highest degree: N/A

Fields of interest:
Biography:
In 1766, Banks made a botanical expedition to Labrador and Newfoundland to collect plants and other specimens with his friend Lieutenant Constantine Phipps. He took part in Captain James Cook's first expedition (1768-1771) on the Endeavour which explored the unchartered lands of the South Pacific and recorded observations on the Transit of Venus. The expedition circumnavigated the globe, enabling Banks to visit South America, Tahiti, New Zealand, Australia and Java, and New Zealand (1769-1770), where he collected specimens. Later Banks and Solander visited the Hebrides and Iceland together (1772). His collections and library were donated to the then British Museum after his death.

Banks was elected president of the Royal Society of London in 1778, a position he held for 41 years until his death in 1820.

Residence

  • London 

Occupation

N/A

Education

  • student  - Oxford University

Membership

Provenance

  • Banks, J., Verslagen Instituut Klasse I, 1821, p. 7 door J.F. Serrurier.
  • Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap (1814).

Publications

N/A

Wiki and VIAF

Wiki Data: Q153408
VIAF: http://viaf.org/viaf/46830189

Ernst Julius Cohen

MALE
Amsterdam, Netherlands 07-03-1869 - † Auschwitz, Poland 16-03-1944

Member Group(s)

  • Genootschaps-lid
  • KNAW-Lid

Variant Names

N/A

BIO

Dissertation: N/A

Highest degree: N/A

Fields of interest:
Biography:
N/A

Residence

  • Utrecht 

Occupation

N/A

Education

N/A

Membership

Provenance

  • Cohen, E.J., Jaarboek 1879, p. 39-65 door G. van Diesen.
  • http://www.joodsmonument.nl/person/446444
  • H.A.M. Snelders, 'Cohen, Ernest Julius (1869-1944)', in Biografisch Woordenboek van Nederland. URL:http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/bwn1880-2000/lemmata/bwn1/cohen [12-11-2013]
  • Ledenlijst Vereeniging het Nederl. Natuur- en Geneesk. Congres (1890).

Publications

N/A

Wiki and VIAF

Wiki Data: Q320050
VIAF: http://viaf.org/viaf/41938715

Peter Joseph Wilhelm Debije

MALE
Maastricht, Netherlands 24-03-1884 - † Ithaca (NY), United States 02-11-1966

Member Group(s)

  • KNAW-Lid

Variant Names

N/A

BIO

Dissertation: N/A

Highest degree: N/A

Fields of interest:
Biography:
Rumford Medal 1930, Nobel Prize (Chemistry) 1936

Residence

  • Utrecht 

Occupation

N/A

Education

N/A

Membership

Provenance

  • Debije, P.J.W., Verslagen Natuurkunde 75, 1966, p. 137 door P.J. Gaillard; Jaarboek 1966/67, p. 341-348 door E.J.W. Verwey.

Publications

N/A

Wiki and VIAF

Wiki Data: Q103835
VIAF: http://viaf.org/viaf/108518274

John Wallis

MALE
Ashford, United Kingdom 23-11-1616 - † Oxford, United Kingdom 08-11-1703

Member Group(s)

  • Genootschaps-lid

placeholder

Variant Names

  • Wallisij

BIO

Dissertation: N/A

Highest degree: MA

Fields of interest:
Biography:
N/A

Residence

  • London 

Occupation

  • Mathematician 
  • Savilian Professor of geometry 1649 - 1703, Oxford
  • Secretary to the Westminster Assembly of Divines 1644
  • Professor of geometry 1649 - 1703 - University of Oxford, Oxford
  • Custos archivarum 1658 - 1703 - University of Oxford, Oxford
  • Royal chaplain to the King 1660

Education

  • student 1632 - 1640 - Cambridge University

Membership

Provenance

  • The Galileo Project. URL: http://galileo.rice.edu/Catalog/NewFiles/wallis.html (checked 07-03-2017)

Publications

N/A

Wiki and VIAF

Wiki Data: N/A
VIAF: N/A

Johannes Albertus Schlosser

MALE
1733~ - † 20-03-1769

Member Group(s)

  • Genootschaps-lid

placeholder

Variant Names

N/A

BIO

Dissertation: N/A

Highest degree: N/A

Fields of interest:
Biography:
Physician.

Residence

  • Amsterdam 

Occupation

  • physician , Amsterdam

Education

N/A

Provenance

N/A

Publications

N/A

Wiki and VIAF

Wiki Data: N/A
VIAF: http://viaf.org/viaf/22482519

Franciscus Cornelis Donders

MALE
Tilburg, Netherlands 17-05-1818 - † Utrecht, Netherlands 24-03-1889

Member Group(s)

  • Genootschaps-lid
  • KNAW-Lid

Variant Names

N/A

BIO

Dissertation: Diss. Inaug. sistens observationes anatomico-pathologicas de centro nervoso

Highest degree: professor

Fields of interest:
Biography:
N/A

Residence

  • Utrecht 

Occupation

  • Military Surgeon, Flushing; Lecturer in Physiology, Military Medical School, Utrecht; Professor Extraordinary, Utrecht (1847); practised in Utrecht; died of apoplexy 

Education

N/A

Membership

Provenance

  • Donders, F.C., Jaarboek 1891, p. 1-35 door B.J. Stokvis.
  • Biografie opgenomen in History of Science and Scholarship in the Netherlands
  • Naamlijst van de leden en donatrices der maatschappij Felix Meritis (Amsterdam 1885).

Publications

N/A

Wiki and VIAF

Wiki Data: Q1347862
VIAF: http://viaf.org/viaf/17967167

Isaac Vossius

MALE
1618 - † 21-02-1689

Member Group(s)

  • Boerhaave (instrumentenmakers)

placeholder

Variant Names

  • Vos, Isaac

BIO

Dissertation: N/A

Highest degree: N/A

Fields of interest:
Biography:
Philologist, natural philosopher and book collector, who -among others- wrote about geography, literature and optics. He traveled to Italy, France and England (1642). At the request of Queen Christina (1649-1652) he went to Sweden and sold her his father's library. In 1670 Vossius left for England where he became the Canon of Windsor (1673). After his death his library, which was reputed to be the finest private library in the world, was sold to the University of Leyden. Vossius is also known to have made his own microscopes.

Residence

N/A

Occupation

  • philologist, physicist, writer and probably instrument maker [1650..]

Education

N/A

Membership

Provenance

  • Nieuw Nederlandsch Biografisch Woordenboek (NNBW), Deel 1, p.1519-2520
  • Harting, P. Het mikroskoop : deszelfs gebruik, geschiedenis en tegenwoordige toestand; een handboek voor natuur- en geneeskundigen III (Utrecht 1858).
  • Bonanni, Ph. Observationes circa viventia, quae in rebus non viventibus reperiuntur : Cum micrographia curiosa sive rerum minutissimarum observationibus, quae ope microscopii recognitae ad vivum experimutur ... (Roma 1691).
  • Velde, A.J.J. van de. Bijdrage tot de bibliographische geschiedenis van het microscoop I (Gent 1927).
  • Jorink, E. and D. van Miert. Isaac Vossius (1618-1689), between science and scholarship (Leiden 2012).

Publications

N/A

Wiki and VIAF

Wiki Data: Q3112766
VIAF: http://viaf.org/viaf/54197108

Jacob Cornelius Kapteyn

MALE
Barneveld, Netherlands 19-01-1851 - † Amsterdam, Netherlands 18-06-1922

Member Group(s)

  • Genootschaps-lid
  • KNAW-Lid

Variant Names

N/A

BIO

Dissertation: Onderzoek der trillende platte vliezen

Highest degree: doctor

Fields of interest:
Biography:
Kapteyn was born in Barneveld, and grew up in a boarding school run by his parents, Gerrit Jacobus Kapteyn and the former Elisabeth Cornelia Koopmans. He was the ninth of fifteen children and family life was minimal because of his parents' running of the school. Whereas Kapteyn's older brother, Albertus Philippus (1848-1927) was judged by his father not to be suited for a higher education and was sent to a trade school (he became a well-known engineer, who ran Westinghouse Airbrake Europe), Jacobus showed his talents early and went to the University of Utrecht in 1868, at the age of 17. He took his Ph.D. in 1875 with a dissertation on Onderzoek der trillende platte vliezen (A Study of Vibrating Flat Membranes).
Kapteyn's first position was as observer at the Leiden Observatory (which because of Kaiser had become one of the foremost institutions for position measurements), but in 1877 he accepted the appointment to the new chair of astronomy at the university of Groningen. Had he remained at Leiden, he would undoubtedly have made his career as an observer. At Groningen, however, this was not an option: his requests for a well-equipped observatory fell on deaf ears because of opposition from the existing observatories at Leiden and Utrecht. Instead, he entered an arrangement with David Gill at the Cape Observatory: in Groningen, Kapteyn would measure the plates made by Gill's staff in their photographic Durchmusterung of the southern skies. For this work, Kapteyn designed precision instruments and organized an astronomical laboratory. The work began in 1885 and the positions of 450,000 southern stars thus measured appeared in three volumes between 1896 and 1900.
But stellar positions and brightnesses were only a means to an end. Like many other astronomers of his day, Kapteyn was interested in the distribution of stars and the structure of the Milky Way. By 1906, he had organized the international cooperative 'Plan of Selected Areas', in which the work of cataloguing the stars in 206 sample areas was divided among 30 observatories, a work that was not finished until almost half a century after Kapteyn's death. The information obtained was: apparent brightness, proper motion, radial motion, color, etc. Since the correlation of apparent brightness with distance had already been proven erroneous by William Herschel toward the end of his life, Kapteyn took a statistical approach: although the correlation was false for individual stars, it should apply for representative groupings of stars. By about 1920, as Kapteyn's career neared its end, enough information was becoming available to reveal a disk-like structure of the Milky Way, about six times as wide as thick, with the Sun near the center. Kapteyn was aware of the problem of extinction absorption of starlight by interstellar matter, but all his efforts to measure this were negative. The 'Kapteyn Universe' was therefore altered when absorption was demonstrated: its size had to be increased (although not as much as Harlow Shapley advocated) and the position of the Sun was determined, as argued by Shapley, to be eccentric. Kapteyn's program, however, retained its validity and was pursued by his successors. His study also showed that there were preferred motions of stars in the solar neighborhood, which showed relative motions of two groups of stars: this was important evidence that the Milky Way had a spiral structure and that our Sun was in one of the spiral arms.

After World War I, Kapteyn was one of a handful of scientists (see also Lorentz) who opposed the exclusion of German and Austrian scientists from international bodies and cooperative research, a practice not stopped until after his death. Kapteyn retired in 1921

Residence

  • Groningen 

Occupation

  • hoogleraar sterrenkunde en theoretische mechanica 1877 - 1921, Groningen

Education

  • physics and mathematics student 1868 - 1875, Leiden

Membership

Provenance

  • Kapteyn, J.C., Verslagen Natuurkunde 31, 1922, p. 284-287 door F.A.F.C. Went.
  • Biografisch Woordenboek van Nederlandse Wiskundigen. http://www.bwnw.nl/
  • Biografie opgenomen in History of Science and Scholarship in the Netherlands
  • A. Blaauw, 'Kapteijn, Jacobus Cornelius (1851-1922)', in Biografisch Woordenboek van Nederland. URL:http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/bwn1880-2000/lemmata/bwn2/kapteijnjc [12-11-2013].
  • Ledenlijst Vereeniging het Nederl. Natuur- en Geneesk. Congres (1890).

Wiki and VIAF

Wiki Data: Q156892
VIAF: http://viaf.org/viaf/30277370

Jan Gideon Loten

MALE
Maartensdijk, Netherlands 1710 - † Utrecht, Netherlands 1789

Member Group(s)

  • Genootschaps-lid

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BIO

Dissertation: N/A

Highest degree: N/A

Fields of interest:
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Biography:
Served in the Dutch East India Company, went to Batavia (1732), became governor of Ceylon, studied flora and fauna of Java

Residence

  • Utrecht 

Occupation

N/A

Education

N/A

Membership

Provenance

N/A

Publications

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Wiki and VIAF

Wiki Data: Q2778170
VIAF: http://viaf.org/viaf/125093375

Gevonden berichten:

11-10-2018 11:47 - "Johannes Hudde, een groot geleerde die uiteindelijk niet voor de wetenschap koos" - Studium 11.1 (2018) is uit!

13-09-2018 05:24 - Symposium: Institutions, knowledge, global history. Afscheid van Karel Davids als hoogleraar Economische en Sociale Geschiedenis aan de Vrije Universiteit (Amsterdam, 26 oktober 2018)

30-08-2018 11:00 - Conference: Isaac Beeckman in Context: Science, the Arts, and Culture in the Early Dutch Republic (Middelburg, 27-28 September 2018)

13-04-2018 09:00 - Jobs: vacancies for 3 PhD students and 1 Postdoc on forensic culture in the Netherlands / Spain / England / Russia (Deadline: 13 May 2018)

20-03-2018 12:15 - Call for PhD Funding: ERC The Healthy Self as Body Capital (Université de Strasbourg; Deadline 10 May 2018)

19-02-2018 12:00 - Workshop on the material cultures of urban knowledge communities, 1500-1800 (Canterbury, 6 July 2018; Deadline 23 March 2018)

16-02-2018 12:42 - Workshop: Scientist Biographies (Delft, 9 March 2018)

15-02-2018 05:39 - Conferentie: Electrologica X8 Computer in Rijksmuseum Boerhaave (Leiden, 24 maart)

30-01-2018 11:53 - Call for Papers: Psychiatry in the 19th and 20th centuries from a transnational perspective (Luxembourg, 21-22 November 2018; Deadline: 22 June 2018)

27-12-2017 09:00 - Call for Papers: EAMHMS Congress ‘Beyond the Museum Walls. Medical Collections and Medical Museums in the 21st Century’; (Barcelona, September 19th – 22nd 2018; Deadline 1 February 2018)

26-10-2017 03:00 - Nacht Van Descartes / Night of Descartes 2017, "Science and the Future" (20 november 2017)

19-09-2017 11:07 - Blog: Een pleidooi voor de Wet (Frans van Lunteren)

01-05-2017 11:00 - Meer dan vijftig jaar Nederlands-Belgisch wetenschapshistorisch onderzoek online

23-03-2017 12:00 - Call for Papers: The Laboratory Revolution. The Rise of the Laboratory and the Changing Nature of the University, 1850-1950 (Groningen, 26-27 October 2017; Deadline: 15 May 2017)

28-02-2017 05:04 - Uitreiking Thijssen-Schoute scriptieprijs en Oratie Fokko Jan Dijksterhuis (Amsterdam, 3 maart 2017)

09-02-2017 12:00 - Report: Parchment, Paper, Pixels. International conference in Maastricht, 2-3 February 2017

22-12-2016 01:00 - Koninklijke Bibliotheek presenteert digitale versie van Specilla circularia, Johannes Huddes boek over telescopen

01-12-2016 10:00 - Leiden University Libraries and Brill Publishers present publication of the fully digitized personal archive of Christiaan Huygens

29-11-2016 04:00 - Job: Beleidsmedewerker Presentatie Erfgoed (TU Delft; Deadline 4 december 2016)

18-11-2016 12:00 - CfP Reminder: Histories of Healthy Ageing (Groningen, 21-23 June 2017; Deadline 1 December 2016)

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Keywords

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